Study Material- General BIO, Topic Tissue

 

General Science – BIO

Topic-Tissues

• Tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and function, working together to perform specific activities.
• Types of Tissues:
• Epithelial Tissue: Covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
• Connective Tissue: Supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs (e.g., bone, blood, cartilage).
• Muscle Tissue: Responsible for movement (e.g., skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle).
• Nervous Tissue: Transmits nerve impulses and processes information (e.g., neurons and glial cells).

• Discovery and Study of Tissues:
• The concept of tissue dates back to early anatomical studies, but significant advancements were made in the 19th century.
• Xavier Bichat (1771-1802), a French anatomist and pathologist, is often credited with founding histology (the study of tissues). He distinguished between different types of tissues in the human body without using a microscope.
• The invention and improvement of microscopes in the 17th and 18th centuries allowed scientists to study tissues at the cellular level, furthering our understanding of their structure and function.

• Location in Organisms:
• Tissues are found throughout all multicellular organisms, both plants and animals.
• In Animals:
• Epithelial Tissue: Found on body surfaces, lining organs and cavities (e.g., skin, lining of the digestive tract).
• Connective Tissue: Distributed throughout the body (e.g., tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, bone, blood).
• Muscle Tissue: Present in muscles throughout the body (e.g., heart, skeletal muscles, walls of hollow organs).
• Nervous Tissue: Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
• In Plants:
• Dermal Tissue: Covers the outer surface of the plant (e.g., epidermis).
• Vascular Tissue: Transports water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant (e.g., xylem and phloem).
• Ground Tissue: Makes up the bulk of the plant's interior, involved in photosynthesis, storage, and support (e.g., parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma).